Serial Killer Essay - 2790 Words

Serial Killers Serial killer: A person who attacks and kills victims one by one in a series of incidents. Why do some people kill other people? More importantly, why do some people enjoy killing lots of people just for the fun of it? This is a basic description of what a serial killer is. But what possesses these human beings to commit such heinous crimes? Some say that genetics are responsible, while others blame the environment that the killers grew up in. The causes of psychopathy remain a mystery. We don’t even have a reasonable answer to the question of whether psychopathy is a product of Mother Nature or a part of upbringing. One of the best sources of information about whether traits are a result or nature of nurture comes†¦show more content†¦These being: Animal Cruelty, Pyromania, and Bed Wetting. Torturing animals is an incredible red flag, whether you’re trying to find a killer or not. Animals are often seen as practice for killing real human beings. Jeffery Dahmer, the â€Å"Milwaukee Cannibal†, was notorious for his animal cruelty, cutting off the heads of dogs and placing them on a stick behind his house. Ed Kemper, The Co-ed Killer, buried the family cat while it was still alive, dug it up again, and then finished by cutting off its head. But not all serial killers take their angers out on pets. Dennis Nilsen, otherwise known as the â€Å"Muswell Hill Murderer† and the â€Å"Kindly Killer†, loved animals, especially his dog Bleep. Rapist torturer and murderer of eight, â€Å"Beauty Queen Killer† Christopher Wilder had made donations to Save The Whales and the Seal Rescue Fund. Nevertheless, the majority of multiple murderers have, at some point in their lives, tortured and/or killed an innocent, non-human creature. But this pain suffere d by animals is not the only warning sign out there. Oh, what ecstasy, said American serial killer Joseph Kallinger, setting fires brings to my body! What power I feel at the thought of fire! ... Oh, what pleasure, what heavenly pleasure! Pyromania, an impulse control disorder where someone constantly fails to resist the desire to deliberately start fires in order toShow MoreRelated Serial Killers Essay2514 Words   |  11 Pagesto human nature and morality than the concept of a serial killer. What is different about the brains of these individuals whom our society finds unforgivable and unredeemable predators? Society might find a biological reason for such atrocities more comfortable than the prospects of good and evil or a mistake. This paper will catalogue and attempt to organize the current biological differences between our minds and that of a serial killer. Can Biology make us Murderers? Recent reports inRead MoreEssay on Serial Killers3024 Words   |  13 PagesSerial Killers Serial killers kill because of three patterns we see develop throughout their lives. These patterns are the development of youthful characteristics and habits, abusing events in their lives, and the final push. To be qualified as a serial killer one must murder more than three victims, one at a time, in a relatively short time period. The most common serial killers are white, heterosexual, sexually frustrated, young adult males with low self-esteem. Lester BallardRead MoreSerial Killers Essay2668 Words   |  11 PagesSerial Murder The mind behind the crime! Thesis statement: Serial Murderers are not just murderers but also victims of the rotten hand they were dealt. Abstract I. Definition History A. The Most Infamous Killer B. Myth Theory 1. WereWolves 2. Vampires III. Causes A. Serial Killer Characteristics B. Theories VI. Case Studies A. Charles Manson 1. Bibliographical Info 2. Childhood Trauma B. John Wayne Gacy 1. Bibliographical Info Read MoreSerial Killers Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesSerial Killers Behavior is sometimes defined as the response of an individual, group, or species to its environment. Parents, girlfriends, sisters, brothers, and peers can all affect a persons behavior. Not everybody necessarily will have the behavior of a serial killer. In this paper, I will attempt to show the difference between the psychopath and the psychotic. Explain how the environment, upbringing, and treatment of serial killers led them to become who they are today. Most serialRead More Serial Killers Essay790 Words   |  4 Pages The nineteen-seventies was an incredible decade. It was a decade of change, one of freedom, a time for great music. It was also an incredible decade for shock, fear and serial killers. John Wayne Gacy, an amateur clown, was a pedophiliac homosexual. He tortured and killed thirty three little boys and stored their remains under his house. David Berkowitz, a.k.a. the Son of Sam, stalked New York City from nineteen-sixty-seven to nineteen-seventy-seven. He claimed to have been following a voice fromRead MoreSerial Killers Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagescommit crimes, some of them become the most dangerous criminals, known as serial killer. A serial killer is a term to describe that human being who commits series of murder. The word ‘serial killer’ was given by Robert K. Russler (FBI Investigator) in 1975 after he encountered series of murders. Serial killers are just not murderers but also the victim of bad society or the bad environment in which they grew up in. The serial killers are psychotic and mentally insane people; usually typical white malesRead More Serial Killers Essay2354 Words   |  10 Pages SERIAL KILLERS nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A serial killer is a person whom everybody knows as a friend, a lover or even a father but no one knows about his killer instinct until its to late. Serial killers have plagued this country and others for many years. They are hard to find and virtually undetectable until they start murdering the innocent. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Serial killers are usually young, white males who are quite intelligent and often come from broken homes. They mayRead More Serial Killers Essay1890 Words   |  8 PagesSerial Killers Introduction to Psychology Introduction In the past two decades, the creature known as the serial killer has captured the attention of the American culture. With the dozens of books and movies centered around serial killers the term has become a trendy catch phrase, replacing earlier terms such as homicidal maniac. Fiction and screenwriters use the term serial killers with such casual abandon that is seems the meaning of the term escapes them. Acknowledgements IRead MoreEssay Are Serial Killers Born or Made?1560 Words   |  7 PagesEvidence that was gathered from books such as â€Å"Inside the Minds of Mass Murderers† and â€Å"Inside the Minds of Serial Killers,† both written by Kathertine Ramsland, provide information and evidence that killers are in fact made, not born. Some of the reasons that people believe that killers are made and not born are due to research by many psychiatrists on serial killers and mass murderers who are on death roe that have committed some of the most heinous crimes. One argument is that there is a set ofRead MoreThe Psychology of Serial Killers Today Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual. In the case of serial killers, there has been some debate on whether the evil ones are made or born; does it happen because of a genetic factor, environmental factor, or is it simply they addicted to the feeling of slaughtering another individual’s life? Although, the most important key in finding the truth deals with the past and shapes the outcome of the future. Upon viewing in a psychological stance, there is no clear understanding of why one aspect that most serial killers share, namely psychopathy

The Deaths Of Normal Stars - 726 Words

Neutron Stars Guadalupe Zamudio SMT 314-03 Professor Dawdy October 26, 2016 The deaths of normal stars give birth to neutron stars. Neutron Stars are products of the so called supernova. Supernovae transpire during the death of a highly developed star which occurs when there is not enough nuclear fuel to keep the pressure intact inside the core of a star (Gursky 1975). The aftermath of a supernova is crucial because it frees iron, carbon, copper, and oxygen along with other elements found in a star. This explosion completely demolishes the star and has the ability to transform into either a black hole or neutron star (Freddy 2006). These supernovae are extremely bright and every 200 years there is an explosion that happens to be big enough and bright enough to be seen from earth. Neutron stars are very significant within the universe. It is said that the neutron star was discovered before the before the neutron. It was Lev Landau who first wrote about and studied dense stars. He focused his research on the idea there were objects in the uni verse that were denser than but as small as white dwarfs and regular stars (Haensel 2007). This focus leads to the discovery of the fascinating and complicated neutron star. The end is only the beginning for neutron stars. The neutron star is composed of the combination of both electron and protons that will develop into purely neutrons, which make up the core (Astronomy 2016). The density of neutron stars is soShow MoreRelatedDarth Vaders Psychological Profile Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesAlex K. Ms. Fitzgibbons Adv. Psychology-C October 31, 2011 A Psychological Analysis of the Character of Darth Vader The Star Wars franchise has enlightened us about visions of the possible future; from flying cities to powerful weapons that can destroy entire planets. The mystical Jedi, the guardians of the Galactic Republic and users of the light side, fighting the Sith, evil warriors of cunning and treachery who use the dark side, both of whom wield the Force, an interconnecting ofRead MoreThe Violent Development Of Stars1676 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough once foreign giants to man, stars live some of the most explosive lives possible. Over billions of years, the violent development of stars from conception to death is one that had perplexed mankind for a while. Though as we formed a better understanding of how they develop, humans have learned that these stellar orbs directly influence the formation of, or death of objects in the universe. Stars are phenomenal objects in our universe that are instrumental to its development. These celestialRead MoreThe Death Of A Star1241 Words   |  5 Pageslike â€Å"people are born, they live, and then they die.† Of course, they aren’t wrong, but we humans go through beautiful stages before reaching death. 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Moreov er, this almost-spherical star, along with its strong gravity, consists of the fire and lava that are made from the elements, burns and melts down all of theRead MoreThe Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeares Play Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeares Play Romeo and Juliet was written in 1595 for an Elizabethan audience. It was set in Verona and Mantua in Italy. People of Shakespeares time thought of Italy as immoral and famous for it sexual affairs and crime. The audience would have expected Romeo and Juliet to include affairs and violence but would still react shocked to the actions going on in the play, as even though it would be normal, because of the notoriousRead MoreShakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay672 Words   |  3 PagesIt is fascinating how the most famous plays in history have the most tragic endings. They are not what we would imagine a normal fairy tale ending to be like. In the play, Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet are portrayed as star-crossed lovers. In the opening scene, the chorus states that Romeo and Juliet are two young lovers from opposing families who were destined to fall in love and eventually die together. Juliet’s parents have the perfect life planned for Juliet. SheRead MoreEssay on Why Star Wars was such a Ground Breaking Movie1404 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Star Wars was such a Ground Breaking Movie There are many reason for ‘Star Wars’ being such a ground breaking movie. ‘Star Wars’ is a science fiction film, a science fiction includes new world and civilisations that are discovered and aliens are featured in a lot of science fiction films, the setting of the films are usually set in the future and where the world is in danger. There are some characters that are computer generated and they sue special effects for fightingRead MoreRyan White1449 Words   |  6 Pagestype A hemophilia. Hemophilia is a blood disease that causes the sufferer’s blood cannot clot and minor injuries can cause them to even bleed to death. Because Ryan had hemophilia, he had to receive blood transfusions of Factor VIII, a product of blood that aids in clotting. Although Ryan had this severe disease, he could still go about his life as normal as possible. But everything changed for Ryan in December 1984. Ryan had become extremely sick with a case of pneumonia and had to be hospitalizedRead MoreThe Death of Stars and Their Detection After the core of a star has depleted all its hydrogen in1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Death of Stars and Their Detection After the core of a star has depleted all its hydrogen in fusion, it undergoes its final stages of its life, or in other words, its death. The process path of a dying star depends on its mass. Low mass stars, from about 0.4 up to 8 solar masses will evolve from a planetary nebula to a white dwarf. Stars with larger the 8 solar masses will form supernovae, than either a neutron star for intermediate stars (8-25 solar masses) or a black hole for high mass starsRead More Ulysses by Alfred Tennyson Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluence of the Industrial age can be seen in Tennysons usage of the word profits in the very first line . The character calls himself idle showing his disillusionment at this ripe stage of life .The still hearth and the barren crags symbolize death. He continues complaining about his hapless state and the reader begins to detect the shallowness of character of this otherwise larger than life legend. He is so self-centered and full of self pity that he shows sc ant respect for those close to him

Human Resource Management Fights for Equality

Question: Discuss about the Report for Human Resource Management of Fights for Equality. Answer: 1: Stone in his hypothesis has integrated various environmental impacts in an organization and entailed over culture and structure over the firm. Stone formulated diverse trends about human resource management of an organization. The threefold trend as proposed by Stone is explained below. One of the trends is the rate of change in technology: Organizations in present context are evaluating human resources and labor costs in the line with available technologies which is based on the theory that products and services can be delivered more efficiently through the means of the best possible arrangement of people, resource, and equipment increasing productivity. In the given context the organization selected is DBS Bank. Instead of interacting to a customer care representative of DBS Bank to talk through about account management, one may interact with an automated system using the internet or for that matter ATM or automate teller machine (Benn et al. 2015). The initiative is formulated to manage any challenges that a customer may encounter in DBS Bank. With such automated system in place, DBS Bank can cut down labor costs by reducing the number of customer care personnel. Since more people would utilize automated services of the organization, there is less need for supervision by the bank authorities. As a result, clients wou ld pay less in service charges and may avail more value for their money. With the development and evolution of these services, clients could be more satisfied even though they are not engaging with any particular person in DBS Bank. The HRM theorists participate in the development and effecting of various technological trends to access the various technological services of the automated interface. In present times, the HR is assisting to evaluate the role of organizational structure and human resources with the aim of offering more premium services meeting the customer expectation and quality. DBS Bank relies on the internet for performing convenient, fast and efficient recruitment process of their core personnel (Stone 2013). Flexibility as a response to changing business environment: Being responsive and innovative to varying business environments calls for great flexibility. More organizations are focusing on core competencies that are what they do best in keeping with the essence of the business. One trend as observed in DBS Bank is hiring of temporary resources through employment agencies like Manpower etc. These firms provide skilled and unskilled personnel on a need basis and take care of HR functions like hiring, assessment of employees to name a few (Sanchez-Apellaniz and Triguero-Snchez 2016). This tectonic shift of HR policies in DBS Bank supports the theory of Stone that HR policies should be lean in structure and must be reactive to the changing environment in the banking sector. Earlier a survey pointed out that most employers outsource and intend to expand HR outsourcing which includes training, development, global mobility and payroll. Increase in financial litigation: In addition to growing concerns over various productivity changes in technology, and increase in the global competition another trend that deserves special mention is a proliferation of litigation relating to HR aspects. The violation of labor laws is prevalent in the banking sector, and DBS Bank is susceptible to the risk (Stone 2013). The organization in consideration exercises Federal Laws of the State which provides discrimination concerning gender, race, color and national origin. The bank is bound by a host of federal laws and regulation which impacts the overall types of personnel decisions. Moreover, Disabilities Act was passed to promote equal employment opportunities for disabled Singaporeans. Nowadays, the HR management of the firm should be well versed with OSHA, EEOC, ADA and other jargons which come with regulatory effect (dbs.com.sg 2016). 2: Maslow promulgates Need Hierarchy Theory which mentions that all human beings have a diverse range of universal needs that are satisfied in a hierarchal manner. This hypothesis at creation was not mainly focused on work motivation but also in other aspects that Maslow later became interested in. He propounds that the source of motivation is a special need. The needs have identical characteristics for resources in general and others based on genetics. This theory argues that when one need is fulfilled it would no longer influence the individual, and another need would replace the former (Chauhan et al. 2014). In the given context, a better rewarding structure is something that DBS Bank may mull over as a motivating factor in keeping with staff recognition. The force which moves or alters the organizational performance indicates motivation of staffs. On the other hand, the essential factor that differentiates a firm from another is human resources or human capital, to be precise. Th e poor reward system along with motivation practices are frequently succumbed resulting into the high turnover rate and may not be regarded as a positive result since existing work processes may be disrupted, and the same is likely to have a detrimental effect on the performance of DBS Bank. On the other hand, intricacy and individuality may be used for categorizing motivation amongst DBS Bank resources. It is imperative for the management and think-tank should formulate policies that are out of the box and should tackle motivation regarding individual resources. The interrelation amongst performance and motivation is somewhat unavoidable which results in bettering of staff performance due to motivation. Motivation may be either extrinsic or intrinsic and happiness, satisfaction, and sense of achievement come under intrinsic while extrinsic motivation entails over penalty and accomplishment goals (Needles Jr et al. 2016). The flipside of motivation is considered as demoralization. The demoralization is convenient to succumb to and may have the viral effect over various staffs. The firm in consideration, DBS Bank should delve in continuous motivation and reward performing staffs which could be an effective method to retain them (dbs.com.sg 2016). It is crucial that motivation is a must for upholding the optimum level of resourcefulness amongst staffs. This is important for sustaining the premium quality of performance to inspire excellent services by the resources of DBS Bank. Maslows model in some cases is culture specific. DBS Bank in Singapore may follow one set of principle whereas; the bank situated in other parts of the world experience a different culture (Tervartanyan and Kleiner 2015). 3: DBS is surely one of the leading financial services in Singapore, but however, to retain its organizational success, and to deliver high quality customer support, the organization must adopt the effective HR policies. Effective HR policies will help DBS keep its employees content with the organization, and as such it will increase employee productivity. While speaking of effective HR policy, the importance of incentives cannot be understated. An incentive is used for the purpose of motivating and encouraging the employees to work more with greater dedication in future. DBS bank already offers incentives to its employees, for rewarding their extra efforts at the end of each month. However, the introduction of a few new incentive schemes can be highly beneficial (Snell et al. 2015). The merit-based incentive scheme is a very profitable scheme that can be introduced at DBS Bank. It should be remembered, that each organization succeeds with the help of team effort, yet there are employees who perform slightly better than the others. These employees always expect some form of recognition and rewards for the extra hard work and efforts they have invested for a specific project. Hence, it is important to reward these employees by offering them financial incentives at the end of each month. These monthly merit-based reward systems will help the employees understand their vital importance in the organization, which in turn will help in increasing their loyalty towards the organization. The employees who consistently perform well, if left unrewarded might lose interest to work further and the loss of these employees will bring about a potential loss to the organization. Hence, merit-based incentive scheme will help in retaining the employees on the one hand, while incre asing the competition among the employees on the other hand (Doherty 2015). Profit sharing incentive scheme is also an interesting scheme that can be employed by DBS bank. Under this scheme, the management authority must create an arrangement so that the annual profit can be shared between the employer and the employee. This will help the employees feel that their hard work, as well as labor, has a direct impact on the success of the organization. DBS bank can ensure greater employee satisfaction as well as employee retention by rewarding them with a part of the annual profit. It does not matter how much less the amount is, but the profit sharing scheme will never fail to make the employees feel valued (Larkin and Leider 2012). Apart from offering financial incentives, DBS bank must also offer other forms of incentives to the employees. Holiday sponsorship is an example of an attractive incentive program whereby an employee is performing the best throughout the year, will be offered the opportunity of visiting a foreign location, for three days two nights, absolutely at free of cost. This will not only help in recognizing the deserving candidate for his skills and expertise but will also help in motivating other employees to perform equally well (Umikalsom 2013). The Insurance scheme is a very rare yet an important incentive scheme whereby the DBS bank will offer health or life insurance to the employees. It is to be noted that as a result of the implementation of this scheme, the employees working at DBS bank will feel more secure and resultantly they will not think of switching to other organizations. This will help in increasing the productivity as well as the efficiency rate of the employees. The insura nce scheme is an important incentive scheme as it rightly upholds the belief that the employee productivity and loyalty increases by providing them long-term benefits, such as insurance schemes (Kuvaas et al. 2015). 4: The working environment of resources is not static, and greater emphasis is given on career planning and performance appraisal. The following points elucidate the given proposition. Retention and attracting talent: At DBS Bank the management aims to create a structure wherein people may have an opportunity to learn and grow thereby making a difference at work individually. By nurturing and grooming people, the firm can retain and engage with them well. DBS Bank observes the philosophy of growing ones timber. This means that the firm is looking to attract the best talent from college freshmen to senior positions across the entire region. The employees would be motivated to commend DBS as a potential and prospective employer which resulted in acquiring qualified resources accounting nearly forty percent of the vacancies through internal referrals (Taormina and Gao 2013). People engagement: DBS Bank offers various avenues for resources and employees to engage in a two-fold communication. This includes customary townhalls at the headquarters and also at division levels (dbs.com.sg 2016). This forum facilitates various employees to decipher the bigger larger picture within the organization and how they could contribute to achieving the desired standards. The feedback received from these platforms or forums helps the top-brass of the firm to formulate initiatives and practices in keeping with employee needs and concerns. Additionally, the firm maintains an intranet domain for the employees which permit them to engage in a one-on-one conversation with the CEO (Lăzăroiu 2015). DBS Bank boasts of employees hailing from the region and across the world. Gender diversity is something that the firm strictly abides by. Nearly fifty-eight percent of the workforce accounts to be women and as many as nineteen leaders are women. Talent acquisition programs: The senior business leaders of DBS Bank are committed to putting up a strong leadership culture at DBS Bank and thereby take an active part in nurturing of talent and development of future leaders. Various new programs have been initiated to spruce new aspirants willing to excel in verticals like customer service division, retail banking, and others. The leadership programs are aimed to build new leaders who are expected to be in the system for a substantial period (Naidu and Chand 2015). As an integral part of nurturing of talent from within the ranks of DBS Bank, the firm has maintained internal mobility program since 2010. The staffers are encouraged to leverage skills and opportunities presented by the initiative of the bank. The resources who assume senior ranks and positions in the organization, for instance, Assistant VP may seek to be designated in a new role with a short period notice. Also the firm caters to the senior employees needs that have high potential to be rotated in different domains of the firm. The rigorous leadership management process in DBS Bank helps to identify the potential leaders at all levels of DBS Bank. The organization using adopting true and fair performance appraisal system tops the list of trusted employers amongst prospective resources as well as existing workforce in DBS Bank (dbs.com.sg 2016). 5: Job enlargement is necessary if DBS bank has to achieve organizational success in a short period. By introducing job enlargement, DBS intends to increase the scope of the job, so that each employee is assigned to a wide range of duties and responsibilities. However, this horizontal expansion of job activities may not be accepted and be welcome by the employees during the initial phase. As a result, the employees will start resisting to the job enlargement program (Saleem et al. 2012). The first and foremost resistance will come from the employees on the ground of decreasing rate of job satisfaction. The employees when confronted with a variety of tasks, to be completed in a short span of time, they may complain that they are unable to complete each task with 100% accuracy. The diversity of tasks to be performed may make an employee inefficient and as a result, he may start feeling unproductive. Next, the employees may refuse to perform multiple tasks, as they may complain that the y are overburdened with multiple tasks. The overload may reduce their productivity, and at the beginning, being inexperienced in other fields of work, they may claim that they are unable to complete works where they do not possess any specialization (Zareen et al. 2013). Again, the employees may also resist to the proposal of job enlargement as they may fear that it will lead to unjustified termination of employees. In case a single employee is entrusted with too many tasks and responsibilities, other employees may lose their importance in the organization. Those who do not possess a versatile skill, may get fired, or at least may fear about their service being terminated. Besides, the employees may also object to this system, as they may feel that because of the diversity of tasks to be performed, their work, efficiency and performance level may not be properly evaluated. The employees under the enlargement job plan may be asked to do work that is outside his job description. As such, the employees may feel that they will be asked to do a variety of tasks, though their performance will be reviewed and recognized only by the task he is assigned to do, as per his job description. As a result, they may create a lot of confusion, and may lose enthusiasm in working more productively for the organization (Zabel et al. 2015). Reference list Benn, S., Teo, S.T. and Martin, A., 2015. Employee participation and engagement in working for the environment. Personnel Review, 44(4), pp.492-510. Chauhan, A., Goel, M. and Arora, R.G., 2014. A review on factors influencing employee motivation. EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies, 4(2), pp.128-143. dbs.com.sg, 2016. [online] www.dbs.com.sg. Available at: https://www.dbs.com.sg/index/default.page [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016]. Doherty, R.B., 2015. Goodbye, sustainable growth ratehello, merit-based incentive payment system. Annals of internal medicine, 163(2), pp.138-139. Kuvaas, B., Buch, R., Gagne, M. and Dysvik, A., 2015, January. Do You Get What You Pay For? Sales Incentives, Motivation, and Employee Outcomes. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 11440). Academy of Management. Larkin, I. and Leider, S., 2012. Incentive schemes, sorting, and behavioral biases of employees: Experimental evidence. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 4(2), pp.184-214. Lăzăroiu, G., 2015. Employee Motivation and Job Performance. Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, (14), pp.97-102. Naidu, S. and Chand, A., 2015. Exploring the impact of international human resource management practices on firm performance. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 11(1), pp.19-33. Needles Jr, B.E., Frigo, M.L., Powers, M. and Shigaev, A., 2016. Integrated Reporting and Sustainability Reporting: An Exploratory Study of High Performance Companies. In Performance Measurement and Management Control: Contemporary Issues (pp. 41-81). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Saleem, S., Shaheen, W.A. and Saleem, R., 2012. The impact of job enrichment and job enlargement on Employee satisfaction keeping employee performance as Intervening variable: a correlational study from Pakistan.Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,1(9), p.145. Sanchez-Apellaniz, M. and Triguero-Snchez, R., 2016. New Trends in Leveraging Workforce Diversity through Human Resource Management Initiatives. Handbook of Research on Race, Gender, and the Fight for Equality, p.360. Snell, S.A., Morris, S.S. and Bohlander, G.W., 2015. Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Stone, R.J., 2013. Managing human resources. John Wiley and Sons. Taormina, R.J. and Gao, J.H., 2013. Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs. The American journal of psychology, 126(2), pp.155-177. Tervartanyan, T. and Kleiner, B., 2015. New Developments Concerning Human Resource Management. Leadership Organizational Management Journal, 2015(3). Umikalsom, Y., 2013. Study on the effect of employees' incentives scheme benefits on company's performance (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka). Zabel, K.L., Baltes, B.B., Finkelstein, L., Truxillo, D., Fraccaroli, F. and Kanfer, R., 2015. Workplace intervention effectiveness across the lifespan.Facing the Challenges of a Multi-Age Workforce: A Use-Inspired Approach,209. Zareen, M., Razzaq, K. and Mujtaba, B.G., 2013. Job design and employee performance: The moderating role of employee psychological perception.European Journal of Business and management, 5(5), pp.46-55.

Why Should We Honor Our Veterans Essay Essay Example

Why Should We Honor Our Veterans Essay Paper A veteran is someone who fought in a war as a soldier, sailor, etc. However, this definition is not close to describing he heroism of these veterans, who lay down their lives for American freedom. Jeff Miller once said, move willingness of Americas veterans to sacrifice for our country has earned them our lasting gratitude. On Veterans Day, we gather to honor those who have served our country, whether it was five years ago, or fifty. Whether they served in the Persian Gulf, or Bosnia, we gather to revere them and give them the respect and the thanks that they deserve. We thank them for protecting us from those who mean to do us harm. After all they have done for us, medals seem insufficient. All veterans deserve to be recognized for their valiant actions. Veterans, who have served in wars, such as Vietnam, the Korean Expedition, and most recently, the war in Iraq, had to spend months at a time, not only away from their family, but also in very dangerous battle zones. In 2010, Sergeant Salvatore A. Giant sprinted through heavy fire to get his squad leader to safety in Afghanistan. He fired at the enemy while running straight through their lines. Like this, they had to be willing to compromise their lives in order to save a fellow soldier or innocent civilian. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Should We Honor Our Veterans Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Should We Honor Our Veterans Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Should We Honor Our Veterans Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With every war we have fought, some of these people have died, been wounded or have been driven mad from mental anguish and are forced to relive their traumatic experiences. Veterans are true heroes, and they will always be in the hearts and memories of all Americans. Everyone in the United States should use this one day not as a day to relax, but as a day to honor the veterans who have strives to work towards protecting our freedom. Veterans who willingly put their lives in danger to ensure our freedom, deserve to be recognized as heroes in my eyes, as well as everybody else.

The Giver1 essays

The Giver1 essays In this book, the Giver, an old man gives all the memories of a world such as ours to a boy named Jonah. In this world there is no color, love, or twins, and the babies and children are bred by special people who have the job of birthmother. They then are adopted away. Everybody in the town has a special but awkward job. The giver tells Jonah of a place such as our normal world. After Jonah learns of the world before, he becomes anxious to escape and discover if their is a color outside world in which there is love, and normal families. The more visions that Jonah receives, the more painful they become. He also begins to become more and more anxious about discovering what is beyond his dull and controlled town. He also soon begins to have strange dreams of bathing one of his "girl" friends naked, in a bathtub. His parents then tell them to take certain pills to prevent these dreams, he does not because of his anxiety to find out what else there is in the world. The giver later tells Jonah how Jonah's and his own dinner, breakfast, and everything else that they do is monitored and controlled. The Giver later gives Jonah his consent to escape their town to go search for a normal and happier wolrd. Jonah kidnaps his baby brother who's twin gets killed by Jonah's dad. Him and the baby escape out the town into a normal world at the end of the book. The rest of the book, is about the visions that Jonah has, and explains how the "Giver," is the keeper of memories from the village from The ending of the book is somewhat uncertain, since you dont know if Jonah makes it out of a desert into a new, better world, or if the whole thing is a mirage, to Jonah. ...

Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Essays

Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Essays Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Essay Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Essay | IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON INDUSTRY| Individual Project BEng AE3082| | | | PIYUM CHATHURANGA PALLIYAGURUGE K0920258 25/11/2011 | Marked By – Dr Andy Lung Contents Introduction2 Objectives3 Deliverables4 Literature Review (Findings up to date)5 1. General environmental issues and legislations5 2. Environmental legislations and issues on the manufacturing industry and materials6 3. Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues. 7 Gantt Chart9 Discussion10 Reference11 Bibliography11 Appendix11 Introduction The development of the world around us has been increasing rapidly in many areas during the past years. As a result of the development the human lifestyle has become easier and efficient. Unfortunately these benefits from development have come at a price, the price been environmental pollution. The developing process affects the environmental stability of the world in many different ways such as climate change, global warming and health hazards. With the intention of preventing or minimizing these negative effects, governments and other officials have brought forward many environmental regulations. These regulations have an influence on our daily lifestyle and on how industries operate. The history of environmental regulations in Europe goes back to the 19th century when the industrial revolution took place. In 1972 European officials introduced environmental policies with three main objectives. The main objectives were to prevent and reduce environmental damage, to support environmental stability and to balance the use of natural resources. Since then the environmental policies has been changing and affecting many industries around the globe. Some main industries include the building industry, automotive industry, manufacturing industry and aviation industry. Different industries handle environmental regulations using different approaches and the specific impact on the industry differs from one to another. Although the impact on the industries differ the general out comes by enforcing regulations will remain the same. It is vital to look in to the bigger picture of global environmental protection rather than just concentrating on minor drawbacks which can occurs during the protection process. [EU Environmental Policies,2006] Environmental regulations also have a significant effect on the general public. It is reasonable to state that environmental policies have changed almost every aspect of our lives. Presently more and more people consider been eco-friendly which can be seen from their decision making. There is a direct link between the public and the industries. If the industries introduce more eco-friendly products the public will appreciate them and will consume, the best example for this is the hybrid car. This scenario also works the other way around; if the public insist to have more efficient and eco-friendly products the industry will fulfil their needs. By making this connection stronger it will be easy to restore environmental stability and maintain it with less aggravation. Industries have taken many steps to minimise pollution and to prevent future pollution. This project will look in to the environmental impact on the aviation (aerospace) industry and how it will affect the future of the industry and it will also investigate where the aviation industry stands presently when it comes to environmental regulations. Aviation pollution is highly experienced in and around airports. This is the reason why I selected this specific project. My future plan is to study further on Airport Planning and Management; furthermore my ambition is to work for my country â€Å"Sri Lanka†. Sri Lanka is a developing country which has less experience on the subject of environmental pollution which is another reason for me to select this project. Objectives In order to make the progression of the project easy, the project is carried out in three main stages. This will also help to be on track according to the project plan; these three stages are illustrated as following. Stage 1 – This stage helps to get an idea on what the project is really about and gives an idea what to expect in the future. Stage one mainly involves general broad reading. Objectives for stage one is as follows. * Planning the project * What is environmental pollution about * The history of the regulations established to protect the environment * Critical analysis of environmental regulations * How environmental regulations effect the general public * Environmental regulations and different industries * Future of the regulations * Introductions to aviation and environmental regulations * Any other general reading Stage 2 – The stage two helps to build up own opinions and gain more information on the actual subject. One other main objective in stage two is to think about possible applications for the project. The objectives for stage two is as follows. * Altering the project plan if needed * Regulations on the aviation industry * How the industry act according to the regulations * How different is the aviation industry when compared to other industries * Building up an own opinion on the subject * Possible applications for the project * Report submission (the planning report) Stage 3 – This is the final stage of the project where the possible application is developed based on own opinions of the subject. The reading done in this stage should be more specified on the subject. By doing research it is important to do an in-depth analysis of specific subject data. By stage three the application of the project should be specifying a particular subject, if the application is too general or talks about many issues it will be hard to reach to a conclusion for the project. The objectives for stage three are as follows. * In-depth reading on specified subject area (aviation) Working on one specific application * Coming to a conclusion based on the specified application * Presentation on the project * Report submission (final report) Deliverables General aim of the project was briefly explained earlier in the introduction. If it is to be recapped again, the general aim is to evaluate the impact by environmental legislations on the aerospace industry. For this particular topic there can be many end applications since it is a broad subject area, therefore it is important to narrow the subject matters into a one specified section and continue with the application. By the time the application is completed there will be some deliverables. To explain the deliverables a probable application is used. The application used here might not be exactly the same as the final application of the project since it is only an initial application. Application – Air Traffic (aviation) and environmental legislation What will be looked into? (What will be found out during the project? ) * How airlines operate (in the EU and Global) * Growth of the air transport * What is the impact What is the attitude from the airlines towards the regulations * Environmental damage including the present past and future * What will be the future for the aviation under the regulation * Comparison aviation to other industries (environmental aspects) * Some other points ( manufacture of aircrafts/economy/other related pollutions) * Finally criticizing the analysis with the own opinion Deliverables change according to a selected application. One other possible application that can be use is to look in to the manufacturing of aircrafts, materials used and how waste is treated according to environmental legislations. In order to gain all the mentioned deliverables the project should be at the end of stage three as stated in the objectives. Since this project is still at stage two the deliverables might change as the project progresses. Literature Review (Findings up to date) The initial literature review was done in three categories which are, 1. General (any industry other than aerospace) environmental issues and legislations. 2. Environmental legislations and issue on manufacturing industry and materials. 3. Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues. This way of reading was used to make sure that a broad general knowledge is gained on environmental subjects before stepping in to the specified topic. 1. General environmental issues and legislations History of the environmental policies, legislations and organisations [EU Environmental Policies,2006] As mentioned earlier in the introduction the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) first brought forward official policies in 1973. Up to now 5 major regulation changes were done by the EPA. Changes were done to address current environmental issues which existed during specific times. EPA gatherings during the past years is as following, * 1st EPA 1973 – Made rules to save water, air and soil. Since it was the first EPA many other new rules were established. * 2nd EPA (1977-1981) – Did not publish any new regulation. It was held to review the progress of the first EPA. * 3rd EPA (1982-1986) – Discussion on the impact of environmental legislations and economy. Emission rules and how to effectively get rid of waste. * 4th EPA (1987-1992) – Increasing the general quality of the regulations. Introducing taxing and emission permits. Discussion on waste cycles. Analysing impacts on the economy caused by environmental regulations. Discussion on climate changes. * Last EPA up to date (1997-2003) – Renewal of emission standards. * Nest EPA – climate change, natural resources, recycling etc. A critical analysis of EU environmental legislations [EU Environmental Policies,2006] * Environmental regulations change all the time. * In some cases environmental regulations has an influence on economy. * It has been 30 year from the beginning of the EPA but still they are unable to complete some projects. Natural resource use has been increased and destruction of natural habitats has also increased. * The laws are not effective and regulations are not accessible for the public. The public should be educated more about pollution. Construction industry and environmental impact [Natural Building Technology,2011] * The construction industry induce 7% (from the total) carbon dioxide in the UK. Using of buildings induce 50% carbon dioxide. * Getting rid of the waste is a major issue faced by the construction industry. * Construction industry requires natural resources such as wood. This leads to environmental pollution. Most of the natural resources are taken from China, India and South East Asia, therefore the damage is not directly done to the county where buildings are constructed. Environmental legislation impact on the automotive industry [The Open University,2003] * First emission standards were introduced in 1959 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission. * Most of the world use e mission testing for vehicles. * The regulations are tight on the diesel engine use. * Due to the regulations engine life span is getting less and new designs are introduced frequently. * Regulations has changed customer point of view. They are looking for more efficient engines with less noise for a reasonable price. * Due to the hybrid and electric vehicles the future of the diesel engine is not promising. 2. Environmental legislations and issues on the manufacturing industry and materials Environmental Materials [UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011] * Stages of material usage include extraction, production, product design and disposal. * The subject environmental materials look in to the material structure, chemical and physical properties. Other than that it also looks in to the economical point of view. Picture below shows the lifecycle of a material Diagram 01, Life Cycle Analysis [UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011] The impact of environmental regulations on the UK manufacturing sector [Nottingham University, 2011] * In a country the economy and environmental pollution is not proportional if that country has proper regulations. * Current regulations act as a helping hand towards the development. * S ome regulations are not helping innovation. * More flexible regulations are good for the economy. * UK manufactures always select the short term regulations. * Many companies now use materials with produce less waste. . Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues. Growth of aviation [Professor John Whitelegg ,2000] * Since 2006 the growth has been 30% and it will double by 2020. The growth from 1995 to 2015 is nearly 300%. * Aviation has the highest growth rate of all modern transport methods. * Global revenue passenger kilometres (RPK) increased by a factor of 4. 6 (since 1970-1995). RPK growth for different regions are- North America 27. 5%/Europe 12. 5%/America to Europe 11%/ Asia to America to Europe 12. 7/rest of the world 36. 5%. But by today Asia (china and India) has the highest RPK due to the rapid development. By 2015 310 million passengers will go through UK airports (in 1995 it was 126 million). Noise pollution by aviation[Professor John Whitelegg ,2000] * Th e noise pollution is commonly experienced around the airports. Officials claims that the noise footprint of the UK airports has gone down, but complaints from the public against the new terminal 5 in Heathrow airport proved that claim was wrong. * In Netherland noise pollution by aircrafts is 12%. * UK officials claim that the number of people exposed to noise pollution has rapidly gone down, but Germany had done an investigation on the same matter and came up with a different claim. They stated that there is an increase in the number of people who are exposed. * Noise pollution effects human health in many different ways. Pollution by aircraft emission [Professor John Whitelegg ,2000] * Gasses which pollute the environment – carbon monoxide/ nitrogen oxides/ ozone / particulate matter (PM)/ volatile organic compounds (VOC)/ sulphur dioxide. * UK officials claim that aviation pollution is insignificant, but US data for Zurich and Stockholm airports show that aviation emission pollution is significant in well-defined geographical area. Table below shows the Heathrow airport annual emission data Diagram 02, Heathrow airport annual emission [Professor John Whitelegg ,2000] * Prediction shows that by 2050 carbon dioxide will increase by 588% and nitrogen Oxide by 411%. * Aircraft emission at upper troposphere and lower stratosphere can cause serious climate change problems. Policy measures and management in aviation [Professor John Whitelegg ,2000] * There are fewer regulations for the aviation industry when compared to other industries. * Aviation industry should also follow regulations as other industries do. Current environmental regulations on aviation are out dated. * Aircraft fuel is not under any taxing. * To control pollution it is important to manage the transport demand. * If a new regulation is introduces it should be introduced step by step. All the above mentioned points are from initial literature review. These data are brief descriptions obtained from broad reading. More detailed data are available in the log book. Gantt Chart The time period from 29/09/11 to 25/11/11 represents the stage one and two from the objectives. By the time this report is completed this section will be completed. Stage one and two has only got four slots allocated and it is only a quarter of the total slots available. This shows that the amount of work which has to be done in stage 3 is comparatively high. The time allocation for specified reading, preparation for the final report and project seminar report and poster submission is relatively high. These are very important tasks of the project therefore they are going to consume more time relative to other tasks. The third stage starts on the 26/11/11 and it ends on 26/04/12. Note – A full sized Gantt chart is attached in the appendix. Discussion The initial literature review shows general connections and areas where environment regulations have failed to achieve the required results. The regulations have been there for almost 30 years now but still most of the issues are not completely solved. Greenhouse gas emission has considerably decreased during the past years, but the rate of decline is not that impressive. The natural resource use has also rapidly increased up to a point where the general public can feel the effects of it. It is fair to say that the world is in desperate need of finding alternative sustainable energy methods to survive in the future. There is a hidden truth behind the use of natural resource by developed countries. Most of the developed countries have limited their natural resource use but in order to fulfil their needs, natural resources are imported from other developing countries. This may seem great on the developed countries side but what they do not realise is the fact that negative effects from harvesting natural resources (no matter where it comes from) is going to be global. By going through the data I feel like the environmental regulations has gone easy on the aviation industry when compared to other industries. Best example for this is the fact that automotive emission percentages are declining while aircraft emissions are on the rise. As an excuse for this most officials (mainly in the UK) compares data from 30 years back and claims, there is a drop in emission levels, but what they are not doing is, comparing data with other industries. If the emission is compared with other industries it will be glaringly obvious that more work should be done on aircraft emission standards. One main reason for the slackness towards the environmental regulation on aviation industry is that aircraft traffic only contributes a small percentage towards the total pollution of the planet. But this claim is not that accurate, it doesn’t take in to account the manufacturing process of aircrafts, natural resources used in the process and vehicle emissions due to airport traffic. Emission is not the only environmental problem caused by aviation, noise pollution is another main issue caused by aviation. New research shows that exposition to high noise levels can cause serious damage to people. People who are continually exposed to high noise levels are more likely to gain noise related health issues, due to this fact living near airports can be a prime reason for health hazards. Likewise there are many unsolved problems involving the environmental pollution and aircraft industry. More details regarding issues and practical solutions for the issues will be researched and criticised in the next stage of this project. Furthermore an appropriate application will also be used to narrow the subject in order to make it more specific. Reference * EU Environmental Policies, 2006 – A short history of the policy strategies. [Online ] Available at : eeb. org/publication/chapter-3. pdf Last accessed 20th Oct 2011 * Natural Building Technology, 2011– Environmental Impact. [Online ] Available at : natural-building. co. uk/environmental_impact. html Last accessed 30th Sep 2011 * The Open University, 2003– Environmental legislation as a driver of design. [Online ] Available at : http://oro. open. ac. uk/13233/1/13233. df Last accessed 3th Oct 2011 * UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011– Environmental Materials. [Online ] Available at : materials. ac. uk/guides/environmental. asp Last accessed 24th Oct 2011 * Nottingham University, 2011– The Impact of Environmental Regulations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. [Online ] Available at : nottingham. ac. uk/business/lizrr1_Profrep. pdf Last accessed 26th Oct 2011 * Professor John Whitelegg ,2000– Aviation: the social, economic and environment al impact of flying [Online ] Available at : reco. org/air10. pdf Last accessed 27th Oct 2011 Bibliography * The Economic Impact of Environmental Regulation (Page 1) (http://web. mit. edu/polisci/mpepp/Reports/Econ%20Impact%20Enviro%20Reg. pdf) * Carbon Capture Storage ( scottish-enterprise. com/~/media/SE/Resources/Documents/ABC/Carbon-capture-and-storage-opportunities-for-Scotland. ashx) * Environmental law ( ukela. org/rte. asp? id=14) Appendix

Israel 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Israel 2 - Essay Example â€Å"In contrast to these sources which presuppose that the Omrides were strong rulers over an autonomous kingdom and in hostile relations with the Yahwistic prophets, the stories of the three battles with Ben-haded and the Elisha stories presuppose quite a different situation. Both of these narrative groups†¦depict the king or kings of Israel as international weaklings, bullied by the Syrian kings of Samaria.† (Miller and Hayes, 262) Therefore, as pointed out by Miller and Hayes, the sources relating to the Omride kings disagree over the political power of the Omrides. Similarly, the authors argue that there are significant conflicts in the sources relating to the Omride kings as the sources disagree over the sequence of Syrian kings during the period of the Omrides. The information about the sequence of Syrian kings during the period of the Omrides conflicts â€Å"with the biblical stories of the three battles with Ben-haded as well as with the Elisha stories, if one assumes that these two narrative groups are in proper context. That is, if the stories of the three battles with Ben-haded actually pertain to the last years of Ahab and the Elisha stories actually pertain to Jehoram’s reign, then we have a Ben-haded on the throne of Syria followed by Hazel rather than a Hadadezer followed by Hazel.† (Miller and Hayes, 263) Miller and Hayes provide an important picture of Omri and Ahab in international politics/affairs in the famous book A History of Ancient Israel and Judah and they give convincing evidences to establish and support their picture. According to the authors, Israel reached the zenith of its glory during the rule of Omri and Ahab. The readers are not able to gather a great picture about Omri from the documents, although he is the earliest biblical characters to be mentioned in ancient non-biblical documents and also the first king

Organisational behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organisational behaviour - Essay Example Apparently, an organization needs line managers that have their duties at different places in the organization. This ensures there is coordination and execution of all activities is done at the right time. Line managers have a direct impact on the performance of an organization. This is due to their management roles that are involved in production in the organization. For example, the line managers have a role to play in getting all the inputs that will be used in an organization. Collecting such inputs has direct effects on the production in the organization. In addition to this, the line managers have to ensure all these inputs are well taken care of while in the organization. If these inputs are misused, the managers will be blamed for such a mishap. Therefore, they should consider taking responsibility on the inputs that are put in the organization. Secondly, managers have to ensure the outputs in an organization are delivered to the stipulated places (Beardwell and Claydon, 2007 : 16). The outputs of an organization are steadfast in revenue collection. Therefore, when the outputs are given ultimate care, they are likely to increase the revenue of an organization. For example, when the outputs of the organization are collectively relayed to the stipulated places, the organization is not likely to lose any amount of cash. ... In many instances, profits of an organization reduce drastically due to irresponsible line managers. As such, the organization will suffer losses which are as a result of irresponsible line managers. Organizational culture is one aspect that should be given utter respect in an organization. This states the daily routine of an organization which is passed from one generation of line managers to another. The organizational culture of an organizational is an arrangement that states the values and concepts that are respected in the organization. These values explain a lot in terms of organizational performance (Parker, 2005: 21). Therefore line managers have to ensure they give the best in regard to culture. For example, the line managers have to ensure they pass the organizational culture and values to new employees. For example, john Lewis is a retailer that has been in the market for a long time. The retailer has the cultural value of giving high quality products to the market. This i s a cultural expression that should be passed in the next generation. Since its inception in the 1800’s, the retailer has continued to offer high quality products. This states that the organization has been steadfast in sprouting its organizational culture which is offering high quality products and services. Though the line managers and other employees change from time to time, the organization still savors the need to offer high quality products to the market. With such activities, the organization is likely to record a positive performance in the market. Line managers have to ensure there is effective communication in an organization. Communication is as vital aspect in any organization that wants to record a positive performance. First,

Censorship v Pornography Essay Example for Free

Censorship v Pornography Essay 1.0  Ã‚   Introduction:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper seeks to determine whether there is basis to use censorship to deal with pornography, based on critical assessment of the feminist debates about the issue.   In addition, an examination on how pornography is made similar to prostitution, drugs, and other marginal crimes will be analyzed given its roots in moral judgments and the ambiguous nature of its harms. Knowing the possible harms that are associated with pornography and the reasons for the need for its regulation will also form part of the analysis with the end view of evaluating whether censorship is the solution to pornography.    Analysis and Discussion 2.1 What is pornography?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     To understand pornography, there is a need to look at it from its background up to present times.   Webb (1995) attempted to study more profoundly by looking back at the sexual practices that have been depicted in many cultures, from Greek, and Roman to Chinese and Japanese, for centuries. She found that the term pornography was just used to describe some of these depictions in much recent times. She explained that the term arose together with certain aspects of the tyrannical sexual morality developed by the capitalist ruling class during the 19th century.  Ã‚   She blamed the polarization of the Victorian period which caused dividing the line on what was â€Å"respectable† and what was not between women’s groups (Webb, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The basis of this respectability was related to the ‘dangers’ of female sexuality and its regulation and that women were required into an inflexible duality. Women were therefore categorized into â€Å"good† women who were asexual, â€Å"chaste’ before they have their marriage and â€Å"pure† after.   Thus, Webb argued that sex was only necessary for reproduction not pleasure, and the consequence was to confine the same to married heterosexual couples.   As a result, women that were found to have sexual activities outside this unbending rule were condemned and which ultimately led to prostitution (Webb, 1995).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issue of pornography was felt more in the some countries than others. Webb (1995) cited about the laws of pornography and obscenity in England and the US which covered much more than others as censorship in there is extended to the production, sale, and possession or transacting of written and graphic sexual material.   The issue even went as far as banning contraceptive or abortion drugs, devices and information; and making it a crime to have homosexual behavior between consenting male adults. The result of these prohibitions was also to give police greater summary power over working class women and children because of threat of charging women and children the violation of the laws which may not be obviously be made to men (Webb, 1995).   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  The notion of pornography cannot be detached from its forms of art access to which was restricted to capitalistic men claiming to have some sort of academic interest.   As such censorship was directed only against   women, children and working-class men that resulted to discrimination.   The limitation or restriction to access to pornography limited occasions for questioning the supposed to be proper values for sexuality, for women and for the family. Webb (1995) explained that the practice had the effect of the having and philosophy reinforcing the family system, which was understood to be the basic unit of capitalist society.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The effect of this practice is to limit women into the private area of the home and their domestic labor. This caused these women not to create commodities for sale on the market.   Getting unpaid for their work at home, feminists believe that this resulted to their economic reliance upon fathers and or husbands as further toughened by their limited access to education and properly paid work. If ever they get employed they will eventually be paid the lower rate. They also lost control over their fertility and expression of sexuality. To make matters   worse, society has criminalized violation of pornography and this has affected the women even more. Sexual freedom was therefore curtailed during the 19th century (Webb, 1995).   2.1.1 Defining pornography and its problems   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The dramatic change that has happened with pornography since the term was first used in the 19th century is just simply obvious.   Webb (1995) explained that during that time there was nothing about what is scientific, medical, artistic or popular context to be exempted from the liability for violating pornography.   It was only by the 20th century pornography when exemption could be had from pornography on the claim of being scientific or artistic merit.   Pornography then was defined under the general line as something that is produced for the purpose of producing sexual arousal, having no other â€Å"redeeming† feature. This is based on the assumption that to set out intentionally to produce sexual arousal is dreadful but if the main objective of the work is scientific or artistic, and the possibility of sexual arousal is only incidental, then these higher purpose may excuse the publication (Webb, 1995).   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Given therefore the definition of the pornography, it would mean that pornography is relative to the eye of the viewer and in which, case it becomes an evil and not an art for those who cannot explain that is an art or not scientific to those who are uneducated.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Thus pornography could be defined in terms of suppression and containment of sexuality and sexual arousal which confuse things. Webb (1995) argued that images of sexuality can be positive and affirming and she cited the case of many lesbian and gay male definitions and positive images of their sexuality that have played an important part in their fight for democratic right and against persecution. She put in parallel that feminism had similarly redefined gender roles of masculinity and femininity, sexuality, and sensuality by using positive views and affirmations of choice and experimentation rather than passivity and submissiveness. By so having positive affirmations, sexual terms like what is erotic and what is pornographic could be delineated when properly debated upon and tested out so as to challenge the   old morality where it was defined by olden times that sexuality itself is hazardous and perilous to women (Webb, 1995)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     What can be seen therefore is a confusion as to proper definition of   pornography and its propriety of defining as such would seem to depend on less number of who are against it or lack of sufficient number of those show can express themselves that pornography is not evil to them. If such is the case, it would seem that level of maturity in terms on moral belief is something that other people or the state can dictate upon the members of the community especially the women although the latter are already in their adulthood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To purpose of pornography definition is only required if one is to make a law about pornography but as admitted by Kuhn (1988) pornography is â€Å"social construct†¦ subject to historical variations.†Ã‚   It could therefore be established that pornography is a   matter of culture where morality is relative. What is erotic to one culture may be pornographic to others (Webb, 1995). 2.2 What is censorship?   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two views on the matter of censorship. There are those who are against and there are those who favor (Rodgerson and Wilson, 1991) of its use to control pornography. While both views espouse the causes how to promote women’s rights, their approaches how to fight for their causes are different. Webb (1995) cited feminists groups like Dworkin and MacKinnon who elevated the abolition of pornography to a strategy for liberating women. Dworkin (1981) stated that pornography is the belief that could explain all forms of women’s oppression and hence she espoused banning the same. The choice to ban pornography to liberate women is based on the view that women’s repression is caused by the power of an inherently female sexuality.   It assumes that all men are dormant rapist, in the making to be activated by pornography. Thus it was said that pornography is the theory and rape is the practice (Webb, 1995).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The proponents’ assumption that men are rapist waiting to be activated by pornography could not be said to be already established. Thus on the basis of the great probability of wrong assumption, pornography then could not just be solved by censorship.   Until scientific evidence therefore is established what is assumed could be validated empirically, it is really very dangerous to make such an assumption since laws that would be passed would not have also logical if not substantial basis to actually address the issue of pornography correctly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Expressing disagreement on the assumption about men in the banning pornography, Webb (1995) explained that this is a biological determinist view that does not allow much scope for women’s liberation but rather it was more an attempt by individual women to totally separate themselves from any likely contact with men.   She argued that if all men are inherently oppressors of all women then women may just as well give up struggling now (Webb, 1995). She therefore saw the wrongness of the assumption that men are presumed rapist.   She argued that although people are socially conditioned to behave in certain ways, those who espouse the belief that men are presumed rapist, necessarily disregard the very important element of self-consciousness, reflective and reasoning power, and emotional response. Citing contradiction with scientific evidence, Webb (1995) asserted that to see men as programmed for violence not only endorses the most conservative view of human nature, it also absolves men of any responsibility for their actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The argument that men are programmed or conditioned to rape of women absolves men of responsibility is tenable because it presupposes the absence of choice or freedom which is an element in crimes or statute violation of statutes.   Freedom of choice is necessary to hold one accountable but to impose the belief that men are programmed to act would defeat the very purpose of defining crime where there is an assumption   that men are waiting women to rape after reading the so called â€Å"pornographic† materials.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Coward (1982) supported this latter view when she attacked the view of an inherent aggressive male sexuality.   Coward reminded that the view implies that any expression of male sexuality will be oppressive to women.   Thus she argued like Webb that the fight must be given up as women should withdraw from any public, or even private, exploration of sexuality in order to avoid male manipulation (Webb, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To argue therefore that censorship is the solution to violence against women is mixing up violent images and violent acts. Portrayal of rape and rape itself are obviously different although connection could be noticed.   Since the two are not identical, it is wrong to treat them the same way. Censorship or banning a description or picture of a violent act is not dealing on the act itself or its causes.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Banning was based on the wrong assumption and the wrong premise.   To equate a picture with the actual act would be missing the point by really confusing the issue that would amount to an overkill and it has the effect of portraying that man is really evil waiting to rape women. Doing this, however, would violate the right to freedom of expression, which is one of the inherent rights of the individuals. It is difficult to imagine how would one testifying in court who was a victim of rape, to tell people of the bad experience without at least using some depiction or illustration. It would be hard too for investigators to gather evidence if they cannot even take a picture of the crime scene involving rape victim if the latter act would be equated with the act of raping. How about the courts, will they be charged for pornography for trying supposedly pornography violations because of the depiction of sexuality made in the course of the trial?   The argument to equate depiction to the actual is simply absurd. 2.3 The feminist debates about the issue of pornography.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  The debates of feminists about the issue of pornography have something to do with addressing the issue of sexism and the proper approach to solve the same.   Webb (1995) argued that sexual images can be both positive and negative. She explained that images can challenge the old stereotypes of women as passive and sexuality as dangerous, by presenting instead erotic imagery of women’s sexuality as pleasurable and active. She presented that pornographic images can also represent violence, abuse and degradation.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finding the way on how to deal with the two sides of sexuality and its imagery in today’s society is the crux of the issue among feminist. Hence censorship is a controversial issue among feminist as it seems to be the most noticeable solution offered on the table by those in power to solve pornography. Answering therefore whether censorship of pornography is the most effective strategy or whether it only deals with the images and not the acts of violence directed against women is an interesting question to feminists. It is also asked whether implementing censorship could sweep away positive explorations of sexuality through the imposition of a new repressive morality. Will censorship liberate women is also an issue by these feminists (Webb, 1995).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Webb (1995) explained that fact women had won many parts gains over the last two decades and these have generated a higher consciousness of sexism, especially among young women.   She admitted that while many of these gains are now under attack, women of today have more choices and have expectations as a result of their liberalization as compared with the past (Webb, 1995).   That women now can expect going university, getting a job and receiving equal pay as against the absence of these about three decades ago must indeed be strong indications of   greater rights for these women. 2.4 The depiction of women in all areas of lives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Confronting the portrayal of women in all areas of their lives is a battle that feminists must fight. Webb (1995) brought out the fact the women are never absent from the magazines or TV programs, newspapers, or from advertising that uses sex and women’s bodies to sell products.   She added that at the same time   society seemed to be obsessed with sex, exploring our sexuality, especially for women, is actively repressed. She noted an example done 1992, where the federal government banned the distribution of a diary, the Fact and Fantasy File Diary that was produced by the Family Planning Association to provide information to young people on sexuality and sexual health (Webb, 1995). She argued that   banning the publication of these materials on the ground of being pornographic is just skirting around the problem of sexism (Webb, 1995). 2.5 How is pornography similar to prostitution, drugs, and other marginal crimes?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pornography cannot be similar to prostitution, drugs and other marginal crimes since banning the pornography actually violates freedom from expression and banning the same creates more harm. The harms that are associated with pornography as described by those who are supporting censorship may have no basis at all and there is not reason to equate depiction of rape with actual rape.   There is no known research that would show that is a great correlation between the number of read pornographic materials and crime committed in relation to sexuality as a result. Although this was what was propagated by those who support censorship, the US Supreme Court has spoken that the ordinance to implement banning of pornographic materials violates freedom of speech. It would appear therefore that if any forthcoming or existing law on pornography if there is any could be rightfully challenged in the Supreme Court for the latter to declare it unconstitutional.   An unconstitutional law, code or ordinance would produce no effect of therefore would confer no right on the part of enforcers to arrest violators and no obligation on the part of the supposed subjects would be expected. 2.6 What are the possible harms that are associated with pornography?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The possible harms that are associated with pornography include the possible sexual abuses against children and women as a result of failure to regulate the same. The claims of those who support censorship could be numerous because of the attempt to equate depiction of the act to the actual act but as argued earlier depiction is different from the actual act. Therefore for the purpose of this paper said feared harms are not given emphasis since there in scientific basis to substantiate the presence of actual harms in pornography that should be addressed properly by the enactment of laws that would penalize its violations. 2.7 What are the reasons for its regulation?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reason for the regulation of pornography is to prevent the possible abuses that could be committed as a result of misguided use of information. The fact that it should be regulated and not banned appears to be the more responsive solution to the problem.   It is for this reason that movies should not be banned but rather reclassified to suit proper audiences and in the implementation of who could watch certain films is a matter of regulation and not censorship. 2.8 Is censorship effective in dealing with pornography?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Given therefore the background of pornography, one could just wonder whether the problem is properly defined. If not properly defined, would it be correct then to have censorship as the solution? The correctness therefore of the solution to pornography would depend on the validity of the assumptions that were made.   By this paper not having seen any evidence that would validate the assumptions made, it could not easily accept censorship as a solution.   Ã‚  Ã‚     In relation whether censorship is the solution, Webb (1995) said making a law on pornography â€Å"throws up the dilemma of the producer’s intent as opposes to the consumer’s response.† Thus she cited an illustration where an author or painter may intend his or her work to be erotic or a form of social commentary but another person may view it as pornographic. As proof, the novel entitled Mercy written by Dworkin (1990) was itself attacked as one to be graphically describing the continuous rape, torture and humiliation of the main character in the novel (Webb, 1995). Dworkin was in effect contradicting herself in this respect as she espousing censorship of any depiction but her novel violates the rules that she is fighting for.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Given the attack on Dworkin’s work,   it can be assumed that the   intent was to expose violence against women, not that it be read for sexual excitement but as Webb (1995) said,  Ã‚   Dworkin’s novel is exactly the sort of material that could be banned under the laws she herself proposes.   What does this mean then?   The supposed way of Dworkin to reach her audience in writing the book had to use some languages that could be understood to portray sexual imagination   or depiction and if evaluated on the standard of what is obscene then such work should also considered obscene. One may argue that Dworkin may be just trying to explain what is pornographic. Precisely, that is what is meant by the difficultly of just describing anything about sex to be pornographic without really having to say or use the words related to its definition (Webb, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Perhaps being moved by anti-pornography authors’ beliefs, supporters of censorship that include Andrea Dworkin and Catherine MacKinnon, sometime in 1983, drafted an ordinance passed by the Minneapolis City Council to give women the right to bring to court producers, distributors, sellers and/or exhibitors of pornography once these people feel being harmed by the material.   Ã‚  The ordinance was however disapproved by the mayor (Webb, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     A revised version of this legislation was passed by the Indianapolis City Council,   but was also unsuccessful after having been declared unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court on the ground of freedom of speech violation (Webb, 1995). The Supreme Court’s having declared the ordinance unconstitutional could only mean that the power of freedom of speech is paramount that to publicize it to educate people and letting them to   express themselves to discover what really are good and bad for them is an inherent human right. It is not the publication that is bad but it is the act of person who will act on the basis of whatever one senses using his or her power of perception. On the other extreme, a rapist need not see a picture to rape a woman whom that man has decided to rape. The evil of something should still depend on the freedom of a man to act on what one sees or hears and not necessarily be coming from the so called â€Å"pornographic† materials.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   A position taken by those favoring censorship where pornography is defined within the explicit images of degradation and violence against women, has actually moved for more power through legislations (Webb, 1995).   As proof, Minneapolis Ordinance had that pornography is â€Å"the sexually explicit subordination of women, graphically depicted whether in pictures or in words†¦ women are presented dehumanized as sexual objects, things or commodities†¦who enjoy pain or humiliation.. in postures of sexual submission†¦ reduced to body parts† (Kelly, 1988, pp. 54-55). It is very clear from the definition that mere depiction is already a violation in pornography.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  A major problem with the said law is that, although feminists may know what is degrading and dehumanizing to women, it is not the feminists who will make the decision in court.   It is the judges who are dominated by men who have the power to define what is sexually moral and what is not.   This is a reality that must be accepted.   Webb (1995) cited a Canada court case where a reinterpretation of existing obscenity law along the lines of the Dworkin/MacKinnon ordinance, was used to forbid the lesbian magazine Bad Attitude and caused the raid of a lesbian and gay bookshop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other side of the issue therefore does not go for censorship as the solution for the simple reason that the act of banning will not put a stop to pornography. Thus to campaign for censorship is obviously not just. Pornography could not therefore be equated to prostitution (Arcand and Grady,1993), drugs and other marginal crimes for they belong to different realms. The first is just depiction or portrayal of acts while the latter are actual acts. No wonder attempts to make an ordinance that would prohibit the same by groups espousing censorship ended with being vetoed by a mayor and another attempt to revise the same ordinance resulted to be struck as unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are however still harms (Stark ,1997; Lottes et. al. Weller ,1993) that could be associated with pornography for which reason it should still be regulated by having selective banning especially to children who may not have the mental capacity to understand things while they are young. But as they mature an education that would help them understand about sexuality should be taught to them rather than resorting to complete censorship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When these children become adults it could not be assumed that they do not know how to practice their freedom of choice and intellect in being morally responsible for their acts. If indeed pornography may be defined where women are depicted to be dehumanized sexual objects, then by all mean censorship appears to not the logical solution but rather it should be the proper education of people how should humans behave using said natural sexuality given to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One argument that is forwarded by those who espouse censorship is that pornography is big business (Alexander, M., 2002) therefore banning it will interrupt on capitalism’s ability to make profit from the oppression of women.   Although pornography is admitted as a big business, it does not follow that it will not be sold if banned since capitalism has unremittingly created new needs and wants to exploit the economic concept of unsatisfied needs and wants. Business could always come up with a variation of projecting sex even in toys or internet games as sexuality will always be a part of the lives of humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is therefore explaining to people about the implications of wrong use of sexuality and how they benefit from controlling the same that would be the better solution than completely stopping by prohibiting its depiction. Banning does not stop pornography, for it will just push it into the underground that would in effect come out in some other ways. The same shortsighted solution has the effect of also banning it as topic for public discussion and as venue to have constructive sexual alternatives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Censorship of pornography has been the topic from many countries but it would seem that no law has been successful in actually stopping pornography.   The moment a law is made to censor pornography, people’s need to understand the subject or to engage in any form has its own way of coming out in number of ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To oppose censorship should not be taken as condoning, ignoring or deprioritizing campaigns about the often aggressive and usually misogynist depiction of women in a society where capitalism has no sign of waning. Webb (1995) explained stated that women have a duty to be counted in the most effectual how to do away with images which are oppressive and sexist. These women should not seek to have pornography banned, but by starting a much more comprehensive debate about sex.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The same objective could also be attained by   campaigning for better sex education in different schools at different levels. Their minds should be opened to knowledge rather than deny then them capacity to be aware of the issues that would allow them to exercise their freedom to choose. By making people more aware of their sexuality,   there is a greater chance to create more informed and responsible behavior as well as social attitudes that would allow free expression of sexuality would more within the reach of these women. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It can be concluded that the concept of pornography appears to have its roots in the past that resulted into grouping women into categories on who are â€Å"good† ,who are â€Å"chaste’ and who are pure. Being felt more in some than other countries, pornography is closely related to relativity of morality in different places. Where there are more prohibitions, the greater are the effects on the power of those who are to enforce the law against the would-be subjects like the children, working class women and working-class men. It therefore has is links with the concept of equality especially among women where the concept dawned on them as a way of discriminating them as against men who are not subject to said prohibition or censorship.      Ã‚  Ã‚  As could be expected based on it relativity characteristic, definitions of pornography could vary for different states or jurisdictions. Since the purpose of defining the same is for the authority to regulate or to prohibit the same, the problems could differ and whoever will be included as subjects in the said law will naturally be subject to its power and possible abuse by those who will implement the law. It could therefore be in terms of the suppression, containment of sexuality and sexual arousal depending on whose point of view, that the term could be defined. This therefore produces the effect of massive confusion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Being therefore called a social construct, the concept of pornography depends at different times (Moon, R. 2000), so what to some is erotic is already pornographic to others.  Ã‚  Ã‚   To argue therefore for censorship is to argue to stopping the same in different ways depending on how pornography was defined.   Certain feminists like Dworkin and MacKinnon supported the abolition of pornography as a way to free women. This strategy necessary takes the view that women’s repression is caused by the power of an inherently female sexuality. With the assumption that all men are dormant rapists, who are in the making to be activated by pornography, one could already infer the possible consequences of making such an assumption. Thus a point in time was necessarily arrived at where the depiction of an act was already being equated with the act.   Ã‚  Ã‚     The other side of the coin argues that to make the dangerous assumption about men that they are prone to raping which calls for banning pornography will not necessarily result in women liberation as espoused by Dworkin’s group. To sustain the assumption about men as inherently oppressors of all women would amount advising to just give up struggling now as this has the effect of removing from the men the responsibility for their acts. This therefore is clearly oppressive to women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should therefore be understandable to put one’s shoes with those of women as to the feminist debates about the issue of pornography because of the deep repercussions of their agreement or disagreement of laws that will define pornography and that will stop the same. Notable is the fact the mere prohibition of image depiction can make the old stereotype of women as passive and sexuality as dangerous. Censorship therefore is not the answer with the problem that was imperfectly defined, education is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Simple regulation is therefore recommended rather censorship. Regulation of course extends to limiting access to children of some materials while they do not understand the issues clearly.   People should rather have a debate about sex or that they should be a campaign for better sex education in schools, or a   more informed and responsible social attitudes to expression of sexuality should be made possible.   By so doing people are presumed intelligent and free and enhancing the same through education would make their lives more meaningful.   More meaningful lives of course would mean better society and better society should mean fewer crimes as people would become more responsible of their choices. Bibliography: Alexander, M. (2002)   The First Amendment and Problems of Political Viability: The Case of Internet Pornography; Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy, Vol. 25 Arcand and Grady (1993) The Jaguar and the Anteater: Pornography Degree Zero; Verso Campbell, J. (1988), â€Å"Pornography Is it a Feminist Issue?, â€Å" Australian Feminist Studies, No. 7 Coward, (1982) R. â€Å"Sexual Violence and Sexuality,† Feminist Review, No. 11 Dworkin, A (1990), Mercy, Secker Warburg, London Dworkin, A, (1981), Pornography: Men Possessing Women, Women’s Press London Kelly, L., â€Å"The US Ordinances: Feminism and Censorship Prism Press, Great Britain, 1988† Kuhn, A. (1988), quoted in Campbell   (1988), â€Å"Pornography Is it a Feminist Issue?, â€Å" Australian Feminist Studies, No. 7 Lottes et. al. Weller (1993) Reactions to Pornography on a College Campus: For or Against?; Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, Vol. 29 Moon, R. (2000) The Constitutional Protection of Freedom of, University of Toronto Press Rodgerson Wilson (1991) Pornography and Feminism – the Case Against Censorship, Lawrence Wishart Ltd. , London Stark   (1997) Is Pornography an Action?: The Causal vs. the Conceptual View of Pornographys Harm ; Social Theory and Practice, Vol. 23 Webb, E. (1995) Pornography and Censorship: Silence or choice?, {www document} URL,   http://www

The Effects of Computers on Everyday Life :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Effects of Computers on Everyday Life Computers have changed the way that the world works in many different ways. Some of these changes are positive and some of these changes have had negative effects on our lives. From an industrial standpoint most of these changes have been helpful to businesses and the economy. In the medical field computers have had an impact in many different areas, ranging from the way appointments are made to the carrying out of everyday tasks. The biggest and easiest seen change that computers have had on today’s society can be seen in the workplace. Before computers became an office tool and were made available to the average employee, paperwork and sharing information in an office setting was done by many different individuals constantly filing and looking up figures. Now a computer can store large amounts of information that is readily available to virtually anyone with the click of a mouse button. One person can complete a job that in a time before computers would take many. Computers have made file cabinets and libraries almost obsolete. Businesses can share information nation or even world wide in a matter of seconds. For example, a word document file can be sent from an office in New York to an office in Los Angeles in under a minute, in the past this same information would have taken a week to be sent through the mail. Computers have changed the way that factories are run too. On an assembly line, be fore computers every job, no matter how easy or difficult, had to be done by an employee. Now, however, computers run machines and do most of these tasks. Another big change that computers have made in our everyday lives is that with the internet we can now access information about just about anything, at any time, and we can do this from the comfort of our own home. Credit cards can be used to do on-line shopping at virtually any store. E-mail has changed the way that people communicate, it is usually free of charge and mail is sent and received in minutes. Devices such as video phones and web-cams make video conferencing possible. This allows people to see who they are talking to in â€Å"real-time† even if they are on opposite ends of the map. The Effects of Computers on Everyday Life :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers The Effects of Computers on Everyday Life Computers have changed the way that the world works in many different ways. Some of these changes are positive and some of these changes have had negative effects on our lives. From an industrial standpoint most of these changes have been helpful to businesses and the economy. In the medical field computers have had an impact in many different areas, ranging from the way appointments are made to the carrying out of everyday tasks. The biggest and easiest seen change that computers have had on today’s society can be seen in the workplace. Before computers became an office tool and were made available to the average employee, paperwork and sharing information in an office setting was done by many different individuals constantly filing and looking up figures. Now a computer can store large amounts of information that is readily available to virtually anyone with the click of a mouse button. One person can complete a job that in a time before computers would take many. Computers have made file cabinets and libraries almost obsolete. Businesses can share information nation or even world wide in a matter of seconds. For example, a word document file can be sent from an office in New York to an office in Los Angeles in under a minute, in the past this same information would have taken a week to be sent through the mail. Computers have changed the way that factories are run too. On an assembly line, be fore computers every job, no matter how easy or difficult, had to be done by an employee. Now, however, computers run machines and do most of these tasks. Another big change that computers have made in our everyday lives is that with the internet we can now access information about just about anything, at any time, and we can do this from the comfort of our own home. Credit cards can be used to do on-line shopping at virtually any store. E-mail has changed the way that people communicate, it is usually free of charge and mail is sent and received in minutes. Devices such as video phones and web-cams make video conferencing possible. This allows people to see who they are talking to in â€Å"real-time† even if they are on opposite ends of the map.